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  1. Three triorganotin (IV) cyclopentane carboxylates were synthesized and structurally characterized by in solid state by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and single crystal diffraction, and in solution by NMR (1H,13C, and119Sn) spectroscopy. The complexes were tested for their anticancer activity against MCF‐7 and HeLa cells along with normal BHK‐21 cells. As revealed by MTT assay, complex2was identified as the most potent derivative with an IC50value of 2.59 and 0.051 μM against HeLa and MCF‐7 cells, respectively. The results were compared with cisplatin as reference drug. Fluorescent microscopic studies using 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI) staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with the most active complex2. The complex2also triggered the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in treated HeLa and MCF‐7 cells whereas a luminescence assay displayed a remarkable increase in the activity of caspase‐9 and ‐3. Moreover, flow cytometric results revealed that complex2caused G0/G1 arrest in the treated HeLa cells. The complexes were further screened for DNA binding studies through UV‐vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The high activity of complex2was attributed to its higher Lewis acidity as indicated by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Theoretical modelling and molecular docking studies were also conducted to study the reactivity of complexes againstVEGFR 2 Kinase.

     
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